Sør-Varanger
Sør-Varanger (Northern Sami: Máttá-Várjjat, Kven: Etelä-Varenki, Finnish: Etelä-Varanki, Russian: Сёр-Вара́нгер) is a municipality in the county of Troms og Finnmark, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Kirkenes. Located west of the Norway–Russia border, Sør-Varanger is the only Norwegian municipality that shares a land border with Russia, with the only legal border crossing at Storskog.
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Mátta-Várjjaga gielda Etelä-Varengin komuuni | |
|---|---|
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 Flag  Coat of arms  Troms og Finnmark within Norway | |
 Sør-Varanger within Troms og Finnmark | |
| Coordinates: 69°43′43″N 30°02′30″E / 69.72861°N 30.04167°ECoordinates: 69°43′43″N 30°02′30″E / 69.72861°N 30.04167°E | |
| Country | Norway |
| County | Troms og Finnmark |
| District | Øst-Finnmark |
| Established | 1 Jul 1858 |
| Administrative centre | Kirkenes |
| Area | |
| • Total | 3,971.58 km2 (1,533.44 sq mi) |
| • Land | 3,458.68 km2 (1,335.40 sq mi) |
| • Water | 512.90 km2 (198.03 sq mi) 12.9% |
| • Rank | 6 in Norway |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 10,158 (  from last year) |
| • Rank | 112 in Norway |
| • Density | 2.9/km2 (8/sq mi) |
| • Change (10 years) | 4.3% |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| ISO 3166 code | NO-5444 |
| Official language form | Bokmål[2] |
| Website | sor-varanger |
History
For some time until 1826, Sør-Varanger was a district that (at the same time) belonged to Russia and Norway; there was an Eastern Sami (østsamisk)[3] population; the population was under Russia's jurisdiction.
A part of Norway, it became in 1826.[3]
Norway's government had a fear that the county could be lost to Finland[3] or Russia; Finland was under Russian domination (or rule) during 1809 - 1918. Part of the fear was that Finnish-speaking Kven people[4] would help Finland/Russia, to take Northern areas, away from [the government of] Norway. (Cwenas[4] is the Old English name for a group of people of Finnish heritage; this group immigrated to North Norway - from Finland and Sweden.)[5]
During the 19th century, the area was colonized by Sámi from Norway; people from Finland; and Norwegians.[3]
The mining industry in Kirkenes, and at Bjørnevatn, was started in 1906; the majority of the county's population then, were Norwegian.[3]
The people that were Finnish, mostly [lived] at three settlements: Bugøynes in the West, Pasvik in the East, and at Neiden (between Bugøynes and Pasvik); those who spoke Finnish, were in majority (in these 3 settlements).[3]
Economy
Media said in 2022's second quarter that the level of employment is 2,100 full-time positions.[6]
[Around] 600 people (in 2022's first quarter) work in industries related to ships and boats, including delivering supplies and services including repairs; Kimek is one of the largest companies in the municipality.[7]
Regarding the economy's benefit of trade related to Russians: media said in 2022, that around 300 jobs are directly dependent on "the co-operation with Russia", while 670 jobs have a "connection" with Russia.[6]
Settlements
Settlements in the municipality include the villages of Bjørnevatn, Bugøynes, Elvenes, Grense Jakobselv, Hesseng, Jakobsnes, Neiden, Sandnes and Kirkenes (a town).
Famous people
- Roger Meyer (c. 1932), double agent[8][9] and builder of hydropower stations,
Gallery
Street in the town of Kirkenes
Sør-Varanger museum
Sør-Varanger Media
The King Oscar II Chapel on the Russian border
The border with Russia follows the Grense Jakobselv in the northeast near the Barents Sea, while Pasvikelva forms the border further south along the Pasvik Valley.
Neiden, Sør-Varanger. The Skoltesami traditionally catch salmon with an technique using small nets.
Aurora Borealis over Kirkenes
Osvald Harjo was a Norwegian resistance member during World War II, and a prisoner in Soviet Gulag camps for more than a decade.
Helga Pedersen
Bøkfjord lighthouse in Sør Varanger
Jarfjord, seen from N886, Sør-Varanger
Svanhovd miljøsenter, Nasjonalparksenter, Bioforsk
Hilde Kristin i vinteropplag
Related pages
References
- ↑ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Forvirring om hvem er kven [Confusion about who is part of the Kven people
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Kvener". 23 January 2023.
- ↑ Reidun Mellem. "Kvenane blir gløymde i diskusjonen om fornorskningspolitikken. Er myndigheitene framleis redde for at dei ikkje er norske nok? Sanningskommisjon, ja takk" [ Kven people are being forgotten in the discussion regarding the policies of making that group of people, more Norwegian. Is the government still scared that they are not Norwegian enough? Truth commission, yes please]. 2017-08-21. Klassekampen. pages 22-3.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 https://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/7dAGK8/sanksjoner-rammer-grenseby-kan-ikke-bosette-finnmark-med-kanoner. VG.no. Retrieved April 9, 2022
- ↑ https://www.nrk.no/tromsogfinnmark/vestlige-sanksjoner-kan-ramme-600-arbeidsplasser-i-sor-varanger-_-vedum-og-vestre-til-kirkenes-1.15877047. NRK. Retrieved March 7, 2022
- ↑ Ole Magnus Rapp. "Høy 007-faktor". 2022-12-14 Klassekampen. P. 27
- ↑ https://www.ifinnmark.no/ny-bok-om-dobbeltagenten-fra-finnmark-det-var-sanne-som-meg-russerne-hadde-bruk-for/s/5-81-1698852. iFinnmark.no. Retrieved 2022-12-14
Other websites
Media related to Sør-Varanger at Wikimedia Commons