Köppen climate classification

The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was developed by Wladimir Köppen, a German climatologist, around 1900 (with several further modifications by himself, notably in 1918 and 1936). It is based on the concept that native vegetation is the best expression of climate, thus climate zone boundaries have been selected with vegetation distribution in mind.

An updated Köppen–Geiger climate map^[1]

Af Am Aw/As

BWh BWk BSh BSk

Csa Csb Csc

Cwa Cwb Cwc

Cfa Cfb Cfc

Dsa Dsb Dsc Dsd

Dwa Dwb Dwc Dwd

Dfa Dfb Dfc Dfd

ET EF

System

Group A is tropical.^[2] The average temperature in the coolest month must be at least 18° C.^[2]
Group B is arid^[2] - desert and steppe/semi-arid. The average precipitation must be less than a certain amount that depends on the temperature.
Group C is mesothermal,^[2] the subtropical and temperate climates. The warmest months must have an average greater than 10° C and the coldest month must have a temperature between 0 or -3° C and 18° C. This group includes humid subtropical, Mediterranean, highland, and oceanic.
Group D is microthermal or continental (hot/warm summers and cold winters) and subarctic (short warm summers and cold winters). The warmest months must have an average greater than 10° C and the coldest months must have an average of less than 0 or -3° C.
Group E is polar^[2] and alpine. The warmest month must have an average temperature less than 10° C.^[3]

Köppen Climate Classification Media

Tropical climate distribution
Arid climate distribution
Temperate climate distribution
Continental climate distribution
The snowy city of Sapporo
Polar climate distribution
Köppen map of North America
Europe map of Köppen climate classification
Climate map of Asia, excluding (South)west-Asia (from the "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification").